TWO  PENCE 


Food,  Wages 
Economy 

TO-DAY    AND  TO-MORROW 

A  paper  read  at  the  Memorial  Hall, 
Manchester.  The  Editor  of  The  Sunday 
Herald  has  sanctioned  the  reprinting  of 
certain  passages  that  appeared  in  his 
 —    columns.   r"  '■—  "  ' 


'    '.        By         1   %  (| 

EDGAR  WALFORD  MARTIN 

W*Z&j$&%3 '  •■ '  -"Author  of  -fTli^SwSjiE^ 
"  The  Philosophy  and  Practice  of  Simple  Dirt:' 


Birmingham  : 
CORNISH    BROTHERS  LTD. 


Food,  Wages 
Economy 

TO-DAY     AND  TO-MORROW 


AFTER   THE  WAR 
A   NEGLECTED  INVESTMENT 
THE    GARDEN    &  ECONOMY 
BREAD,    BUTTER   &  MILK 
MEAT    &    MEAT  SUBSTITUTES 


The  Way  to 
Get  Well 


To  The  Wallace  "  P.R."  Foods  Co..  Ltd.,  Hornsey  N.- 
Gentlemen,   as   I   am   forwarding   you  .an  ori«Jjnl}_ take 


the  oppor  unity  to  thank  you  for  the  benefit  I  haye  denved 
from  your  "P  R  "  Biscuits.  An  explanation  of  my  case  would 
take  too  long  to  write;  it  is  one  of  greatly  impaired  .f'f^'.'for 
non-assimilation  and  maJ-nutritaon,  and  when  I  tell  you  hat  for 
the  Inst  B i  K  years  1  have  been  obliged  to  subsist  principally  upon 
Peptonised  Milk  (for  the  first  twelve  months  I  could  only. take 
Peptogenic  Milk  Baby's  Food)  you  will  understand  mine  is  no 
ordinary  case  of  indigestion.  ,  ,,  ., 

Having  in  vain  tried  so  many  of  the  advertised  easily 
digested  nourishments,"  I  can  assure  you  it  was  in  a  very 
sceptical  frame  of  mind  that  I  tried  your  P.R.  Buciuta.  and 
n  as  most  astonished  to  find  they  did  not  ufiset  me.  Then  1  decided 
to  persevere  with  them,  and  for  about  six  months  have  taken  no 
other  solid  food,  with  the  gratifying  result  that  my  general 
health  has  greatly  improved,  have  put  on  flesh  and  feel  I  am  at  last 
being  nourished  instead  of  half  starved  as  formerly.  In  fact  the 
improvement  altogether  is  little  short  of  marvellous.  the 
"P.R."  Biscuits  certainly  deserve  all  you  claim  for  them,  and  1 
hope  other  invalids  like  myself  will  try  them." 

Deal,  Ivcnt,  Dec.  o,  lVlo. 

There  are  some  40  varieties  of  the  delicious 
"P.R."  Biscuits,  as  well  as  a  numher  of 
other  "  P.R."  Products  of  great  excellence 
and  high  health-value.  Their  regular  use 
is  hoth  delightful,  genuinely  economical, 

and  the  Way  to 
Keep  Fit. 

%  Small  Box  of  Samples,  ■with  full  details,  tost  paid,  9d..  or 
Special  Trial  Parcel,  full  ■value,  SI-  carriage  taid  in  U.K. 
The  Wallace  "P.R."  Foods  Co.,  Ltd.,  46,  Tottenham  Lane, 
Hornsey,  London,  N. 


3 


AFTER  THE  WAR. 

Everywhere  to-day  educated  people  are 
talking  of  the  need  of  economy,  but,  so  far 
as  one  can  judge,  the  ears  of  the  workers 
are  deaf  to  the  appeal,  for  the  reason  that 
everywhere  plenty  abounds.  It  is  true  that 
food  prices  have  risen  considerably,  but  it 
is  also  true  that  men  and  women  have  never 
before  in  this  country  been  able  to  earn  such 
high  wages  as  at  present. 

Sir  Leo  Chiozza  Money  says, '  Our  people 
to-day  are  enjoying  an  abnormal  prosperity'; 
an  intimate  knowledge  of  their  homes  reveals 
that,  far  from  practicing  economy,  they  are 
living  in  comparative  luxury.  Reckless 
of  the  meaning  of  munitions,  their  makers 
turn  destruction  into  pleasure.  In  the 
country  districts  too,  where  a  soldier's  pay 
is  so  much  higher  than  the  normal  rate  of 
wage,  improvident  women  to-day  are  enjoying1 
the  price  of  blood. 

After  the  war,  the  position  will  be  far 
different.  Without  attempting  prophecy, 
one  may  say  positively  that,  under  the  most 
favourable  conditions,  this  bright  show  of 
prosperity  will  be  turned  into  the  dark 
reality  of  want  and  perhaps  of  actual  hunger. 

The  new  Income  Tax  is  the  first  hint  to 
reach  the  worker  of  the  inconceivable  price 
to  be  paid.  When  the  cost  of  war  has 
month  after  month  been  piling  itself  up  at 
an  ever  increasing  rate  and,  because  there 


4 


will  be  no  more  need  to  make  munitions, 
the  huge  return  from  the  tax  on  war  profits 
ceases,  then,  even  if  the  present  high  standard 
of  wages  could  be  retained,  taxation  would 
be  something  to  be  felt.  And  when,  at  the 
close  of  the  war,  millions  of  men  and  women, 
our  armies  fighting  abroad  and  our  armies 
working  here,  are  thrown  from  their  present 
occupations  ;  when  we  have  a  larger 
standing  army  to  support,  a  vast  number  of 
disabled  men  to  keep,  an  incalculable  bill  of 
pensions  for  widows  and  children, — then, 
whatever  steps  the  Government  may  take 
for  relief  and  however  soon  conditions  adjust 
themselves,  there  will  of  necessity  be  a 
period— longer  or  shorter — when  those  who 
now  seem  to  profit  most  must  suffer  most, 
when  the  eyes  of  those  who  see  not  to-day 
will  be  painfully  opened. 

A  NEGLECTED  INVESTMENT. 

"So  long  as  men  live  by  bread,  the  far  away 
valleys  must  laugh  as  they  are  covered  with  the 
gold  of  God."  j0HN  RusKIN. 

Some  workers  earning  high  wages  are 
making  provision  for  a  dark  future,  but  the 
most  secure  investment,  likely  to  yield  an 
invaluable  return  in  time  of  need,  is 
generally  overlooked. 

The  fear  that,  in  this  country,  we  might 
all  be  starving  in  the  early  days  of  a 
European  war  has  happily  not  been  realized, 
but  the  fact  remains  that  no  nation,  and 
indeed  no  individual,  is  securely  independent, 


5 


who  does  not  by  his  own  labour,  and  in  a 
place  accessible  to  his  own  needs,  grow 
sufficient  food  to  support  him  above 
starvation  level.  A  man  who,  in  the  patch 
of  land  behind  his  cottage,  has  enough 
potatoes  to  feed  his  children  through  the 
winter,  can  meet  the  uncertainties  of  life  and 
employment  with  comparative  calm.  It  is 
the  dread  of  starvation  that  makes  men 
slaves  to  their  employers.  Many  who 
sacrifice  their  religion,  their  ideals  and  their 
manhood  rather  than  lose  their  posts,  thus 
selling  their  birthright  for  a  morsel  of  meat, 
might  face  Society  with  honourable  defiance 
if  they  had  only  sufficient  potatoes. 

After  the  war,  the  poor  man's  roof  will 
almost  certainly  be  secure — our  legislators 
have  already  curtailed  the  power  of  relentless 
landlords.  And  given  enough  vegetables 
and  fruit,  growing  or  harvested,  his  position 
during  a  time  of  distress  would  not  be 
without  hope. 

It  is  generally  admitted  that  the  posses- 
sion or  at  least  the  secure  holding  of  land  is 
the  foundation  of  all  real  wealth,  yet  though 
we  lack  easy  means  of  access  to  it,  we 
also  at  present  lack,  as  a  body,  the  realization 
of  its  value,  we  lack  the  real  earnest  united 
determination  to  possess  it  or  even  to  live 
upon  it. 

In  spite  of  the  difficulties — actual  and 
imaginary — of  going  back  to  the  land,  it  is 
still,  considering  its  superiority  as  an  invest- 
ment,   one    of    the    cheapest  properties 


6 


obtainable.  Compare  agricultural  land  at 
£ao  an  acre  freehold  with  the  ingenious 
productions  of  the  age.  For  the  price  of  a 
bicycle,  one  may  buy  a  quarter  of  an  acre  ot 
land— enough  to  provide  one  with  food  tor 
ever.  At  the  price  of  a  newspaper,  a  bar 
of  chocolate,  or  a  ride  on  the  car,  one  may 
purchase  half  a  square  yard  of  land,  for  the 
possession  and  occupation  of  one's  family  for 
generations. 

And  see,  what  a  partner  is  Nature. 
Few  servants  there  are  who  will  work 
without  coaxing,  without  the  constant 
promise  of  reward.  Yet  while  I  sleep  and 
while  I  play,  she,  my  ever  active  partner,  is 
silently,  yet  joyfully,  in  field  and  in  garden, 
adding  to  my  store. 

It  is  but  one  of  the  evils  of  civilization, 
or  the  living  in  cities,  that  man's  indepen- 
dence has  been  destroyed  by  the  cutting  off  of 
his  direct  and  natural  supply  of  food  ;  yet 
even  in  our  small  suburban  gardens  much 
might  be  done  to  restore  the  pride  and  delight 
of  providing  for  our  own  tables.  However 
small  the  land  in  our  control,  we  might 
attempt  to  grow  pear  trees  as  well  as  roses, 
to  beautify  our  porches  with  the  crimson 
blossom  of  the  kidney  bean  as  well  as  the 
purple  glory  of  clematis. 

THE  GARDEN  &  ECONOMY. 

From  the  point  of  view  of  economy  the 
smallest  garden  is  valuable.  Perhaps  the 
most  vital  and  necessary  of  all  foods  for 


7 


health  is  the  salad,  of  radishes,  mustard, 
cress,  lettuces,  cucumbers,  tomatoes,  onions, 
leeks  or  celery.  Only  he  who  grows  these 
things  for  himself  can  appreciate  the  full 
pleasure  of  consuming  them.  Where  the 
produce  is  fresh  and  can  be  gathered  when 
young  and  tender,  such  additions  as  green 
peas  and  beans,  nasturtium  leaves,  dande- 
lions, and  even  sprouts,  cauliflower  and  the 
hearts  of  cabbage  give  endless  varieties. 
Served  with  some  suitable  dressing,  as  of 
olive  or  nut  oil,  cream  or  milk,  lemon  juice 
and  honey,  to  add  to  its  flavour,  and  eaten 
with  bread  and  cheese  to  supply  the 
necessary  nourishment,  salad  completes  a 
perfect  meal.  With  such  food  as  this, 
doctors  and  chemist's  shops  would  soon 
become  obsolete,  for  the  first  value  of  the 
vegetable  is  in  its  purifying  organic  salts, 
which  too  often  are  boiled  out  in  ample  water 
and  poured  away.  A  great  saving  in 
quantity  is  also  effected,  for  a  few  ounces  of 
salad  is  as  satisfying  as  a  pound  of  plashy 
boiled  vegetables. 

Outer  leaves  and  the  more  tough  parts 
of  vegetables  need  not  be  thrown  away, 
though  they  should  not  be  sacrificed  by 
quick  and  wasteful  boiling.  The  casserole, 
or  stone  stew  jar,  for  slow  stewing  in  the 
oven,  is  far  superior  to  every  other  utensil 
for  cooking  vegetables  of  all  kinds,  requiring 
only  a  little  fat  or  half  an  inch  of  water  at 
the  bottom.  Any  remaining  fluid  should  be 
converted  into  sauce  that  the  valuable 
vegetable  salts  may  not  be  lost. 


8 


Dr.  Chalmers  Watson,  writing  last  June 
in  the  '  Scotsman,'  remarks  that  the  waste  of 
vegetable  peelings  in  an  ordinary  household 
probably  amounts  nearly  to  one  shilling's 
worth  of  food  per  week,  and  that  calculated 
at  this  rate  for  every  house  in  the  Kingdom, 
the  national  loss  equals  twenty  million 
pounds  sterling  a  year. 

It  is,  I  think,  probable  that  salads  and 
conservatively  cooked  vegetables  would  form 
a  more  satisfactory  basis  for  our  meals  than 
bread,  and  that  the  potato  is  one  of  the 
staves  of  life.  In  any  case,  being  a  home 
grown  product  cheaper  than  bread,  we 
should  do  well  to  increase  its  proportion  in 
our  future  meals. 

Dr.  Haig,  in  his  pamphlet,  '  Freedom 
from  Uric  Acid  and  How  to  Obtain  It,'  says: 
'  I  am  careful  to  eat  potato  (which  contains 
a  considerable  amount  of  alkali)  at  least 
three  times  a  day,  the  potato  at  breakfast 
being  the  most  important,  though  not  the 
most  nourishing,  item  of  the  meal.  I  am 
one  of  those  who  do  not  think  it  a  mere 
chance  that  the  lowest  cancer  death  rate  in 
the  United  Kingdom  is  to  be  found  in 
association  with  the  largest  consumption  of 
potatoes  in  some  of  the  country  districts  of 
Ireland.  Cancer  is  associated  with  retention 
of  uric  acid  in  the  body,  and  next  to  warmth 
and  natural  activity,  there  is  nothing  which 
is  more  likely  to  prevent  this  retention  than 
the  humble  potato.' 


9 


BREAD,  BUTTER  &  MILK. 

Few  children  prefer  bread  and  butter  to 
baked  potatoes  with  crisp  skins  :  as  a  first 
course  for  tea  they  are  unrivalled.    The  con- 
»  ventional  tea  with  thin  white  bread  and  butter 

and  cake  is,  indeed,  a  very  extravagant  meal, 
yielding  little  nourishment  in  relation  to  its 
cost,  requiring  to  be  supplemented  a  few  hours 
later  by  a  rest-disturbing  repast.  So  many 
adults,  especially  women,  are  slaves  to  this 
poisonous  tea-drinking  that  its  abolition 
seems  hopeless,  but  shall  we  not  protect  our 
children  from  its  early  ravages  ?  A  good 
supper,  with  vegetables,  porridge  or  milk 
pudding,  is  a  splendid  substitute  for  the 
child's  tea  and  comparatively  cheap. 

Care  should  be  taken  to  avoid  the  fatal 
danger  of  Vegetarianism,  namely,  the  provision 
of  soft,  wet  dishes,  needing  little  mastication. 
Toast,  twice-baked  bread,  or,  better,  crisp 
unsweetened  wholemeal  or  other  biscuits  pre- 
pared without  the  use  of  chemicals  or  adul- 
terants should  be  taken  with  all  such  foods, 
not  only  saving  the  children's  teeth  but 
bringing  all  the  benefits  of  good  digestion,  f 

There  are  few  homes  in  which  bread  is 
not  a  more  expensive  item  than  in  the  days 
before  the  war,  but  in  our  own  cottage, 
having,  among  other  economies,  substituted 
vegetables  for  part  of  our  bread,  we  have 
found  it  possible  to  live  at  the  same  rate  per 
head  as  before. 

t  "The  Healthy  Life" — 3d.  monthly  of  Booksellers  and 
Food  Reform  Stores — deals  regularly  with  sensible 
food  reform,  including  better  ways  in  children's  diet. 


10 

Another  economy  in  bread,  sometimes 
forced  upon  inhabitants  of  inaccessible  cot- 
tapes,  results  from  the  rare  visits  of  the 
baker's  cart.  Socialists  point  to  the  waste 
of  delivery  by  six  bakers  in  one  street,  but 
Individualists  might  observe  the  wasteful 
daily  delivery  when  once  or  twice  a  week 
would  be  enough.  Not  only  should  we  free 
men  and  horses  for  more  productive  work, 
but  we  should  help  to  liberate  women  from 
the  petty  tyranny  of  domestic  trifles,  if  the 
frequent  ringing:  of  a  frantic  bell  did  not  break 
the  household  harmony  so  often.  Stale  bread 
is  economical  and  is  far  easier  to  digest.  Alas, 
for  the  unfortunate  mother  who  says  that  her 
children  will  not  eat  it  ! 

As  we  substitute  vegetables  for  bread, 
so  we  may  substitute  bread  for  cake — not 
white  bread,  not  necessarily  always  plain 
wholemeal,  but  one  and  another  of  the  many 
varieties  now  produced.  The  possibilities  of 
variety  in  the  kinds  and  preparation  of  breads 
are  as  yet  untried.  Toast  forms  a  bene- 
ficial change  or,  where  time  and  patience  are 
limited,  slices  of  bread  baked  in  the  oven 
make  a  very  fair  substitute,  invaluable  with 
porridge  and  soft  foods  generally,  as  an  aid 
to  digestion.  Pulled  bread,  that  is,  bread 
torn  into  the  size  of  walnuts  and  baked,  is 
another  variety  of  toast  that  strongly  appeals 
to  the  child. 

In  many  households,  it  would  be  possible 
to  reduce  the  consumption  of  butter,  but  fat 
is  such  a  valuable  part  of  our  food  that  a  far 


1 1 


wiser  plan  is  the  use  of  the  cheaper  nut-butters 
and  margarines.  Nut-butters  made  in  several 
varieties,  as  cocoa-nut,  walnut,  almond  or 
cashew,  at  a  shilling  to  fourteen  pence  a 
pound,  are  preferred  by  some  in  flavour  to  the 
best  dairy  butter,  and  certain  varieties  of  mar- 
garine— even  as  low  in  price  as  sixpence — 
made  from  pure  ingredients,  as  nuts  and  milk, 
are  quite  pleasant  to  the  taste.  Speaking 
generally,  these  butter  substitutes  are  con- 
siderably higher  in  nutritive  value  than  butter 
itself,  some  writers  giving  the  protein  value 
of  nut-butter  at  seventeen  times  as  great  as 
the  value  of  that  from  the  dairy. 

Another  very  economical  food,  about 
which  middle-class  people  have  a  kind  of 
back-door  feeling,  is  separated  milk.  For  the 
use  of  skim-milk  suggests  poverty  and,  in 
this  age  of  shame,  nothing  is  so  shameful  as 
to  be  poor  or,  rather,  to  appear  to  be  poor. 
If  men  and  women  were  half  so  ashamed  of 
poverty  of  mind  and  poverty  of  soul  as  they 
are  of  poverty  of  purse,  reform  in  food  and 
in  other  departments  of  life  would  not  be  so 
far  away.  Let  us  not  be  ashamed  of 
separated  milk.  As  we  might  expect,  it 
lacks  fat,  but  in  protein  it  is  equal  or 
superior  to  the  whole  milk. 

In  the  making  of  rice  puddings,  the 
thinness  of  such  milk  can  be  easily  overcome 
by  long  baking.  Bake  a  milk  pudding  in  a 
very  slow  oven  for  from  four  to  six  hours, 
and  you  have  an  extremely  creamy  result — 
reminiscent  of  the  days  when  you  afforded 


I  2 


new  laid  eggs.  To  a  helpless  acquaintance, 
whose  son  of  sixteen  months  positively 
refuses  separated  milk,  this  should  be  a 
valuable  hint. 

MEAT  &  MEAT  SUBSTITUTES. 

Let  us  now  compare  meat  and  vege- 
tarian dietaries  from  the  point  of  view  of 
economy.  Beginners  in  Vegetarianism 
sometimes  find  that  the  new  diet  costs  more 
than  the  old,  and  that  it  takes  them  longer 
to  prepare.  "Ought  this  to  be  so?"  is 
perhaps  a  natural  question.  The  reply  is  as 
difficult  as  if  one  should  ask,  "What  does 
it  cost  and  how  long  does  it  take  to  visit 
America  ?  " 

At  home,  where  we  keep  a  careful 
record  of  these  things,  we  can  testify  that 
the  cost  of  our  vegetarian  diet  is  but  a  little 
over  half  of  our  former  mixed  diet,  and  that 
the  new  meals  take  less  time  to  prepare. 
But  not  to  waste  money,  time,  and  life  in 
meals  has  been  our  constant  effort  :  indeed, 
in  adopting  the  diet,  we  hoped  to  liberate  at 
least  one  woman  from  the  sacrifice  of  heart 
and  mind  to  continual  domestic  slavery. 

My  own  personal  experience  suggests 
even  greater  economies.  Once,  being 
for  several  days  alone  in  the  house, 
I  resorted  to  the  cookery  book  for  help. 
Selecting  porridge,  and  making  as  large  a 
pot  as  possible,  I  supplied  at  one  effort  all 
cooked  meals  for  the  period,  spending  thus 
in  money,  time  and  energy  on  my  diet  about 


>3 


a  tenth  part  of  that  commonly  occupied, 
taking  at  least  an  equal  amount  of  nourish- 
ment, and  a  smaller  supply  of  disease, 
weakness,  and  bad  temper,  for  which 
an  elaborate,  highly  spiced  and  very  mixed 
diet  is  responsible. 

So  far  as  time  is  concerned,  one  can 
spend  as  much  or  as  little  as  one  chooses  on 
the  preparation  of  vegetarian  meals  ;  but, 
certainly,  if  one  desires  to  live  simply,  the 
elimination  of  meat  makes  the  matter  very 
much  easier,  for  meat  must  necessarily 
be  cooked,  to  transform  its  unpleasant 
condition,  while  many  of  its  substitutes  are 
acceptable  in  their  natural  states. 

A  similar  reply  might  be  given  to  the 
question  of  the  cost :  that  fifteen  shillings  a 
week  per  head  can  easily  be  spent  on 
a  vegetarian  dietary,  yet,  with  careful 
living,  four  shillings  a  week  is  enough  ;  that 
many  have  lived  on  less  and  lived  well. 

As  I  shall  shortly  show,  meat  is  always 
an  expensive  article  of  diet — extraordinarily 
so  at  the  present  time — and  it  is  never 
possible,  while  taking  meat  meals  daily,  to 
live  economically.  But,  while  a  vegetarian 
diet  is  not  necessarily  cheap,  as  fruit  and 
nuts  tend  to  be  dear,  there  are  always 
available  from  the  vegetable  kingdom 
nourishing  foods,  as  potatoes,  rice  and  oats, 
that  make  extremely  cheap  living  quite  easy. 

As  an  illustration  of  luxury  in  Vege- 
tarianism, I  find  that  bananas  when  skinned 
cost  about  eight  pence  a  pound,  yet  those 


'4 


who  would  not  dream  of  spending  eight 
pence  a  pound  for  pears,  commonly  buy 
bananas,  while  cheaper  foods,  like  dates,  that 
are  about  twice  as  nourishing,  are  neglected. 
Again,  pea  nuts  and  chestnuts  are  economical 
foods,  but  the  shells  of  brazil  nuts  are  heavy, 
and  their  kernels — at  two  and  four  pence  a 
pound — are  beyond  the  reach  of  the  poor. 

The  one  strong  argument  for  the  use  of 
meat  is  that  our  grandfathers  ate  it  ;  but 
those  who  so  much  love  the  past  should  go 
further  and  further  back  and,  free  from  the 
limitations  of  city  life,  copy  the  simple  diet 
of  their  earliest  nut-eating  parents. 

Allowing  that  meat  is  not  a  necessity— 
which  any  interested  person  can  prove  for 
himself — let  us  look  at  some  substitutes 
for  it,  comparing  their  prices  in  terms  of 
nourishment. 

For  iR  of  Beef  at  One  Shilling, 
we  will  substitute, 
ill)  of  Shelled  Monkey  or  Pea  Nuts 

at  Four  Pence, 
iff)  of  Oatmeal  at  Three  Pence, 
i^ffj  of  Cheese  at  Five  Pence, — 
a  total  cost  of  one  shilling  as  before. 

Nuts  are  a  splendid  source  of  highly 
concentrated  food,  rich  in  protein  and  fat. 
Eaten  after  a  Christmas  dinner,  they  are  as 
indigestible  as  beef  steaks  under  similar 
circumstances,  but  eaten  as  part  of  our 
meals  with  bread  and  butter,  they  are,  if 
thoroughly  masticated,  amostsustainingfood. 


s 


Pea  nuts  are  improved  in  taste  by 
baking  in  the  oven,  when  the  red  skins 
under  the  shells  can  be  easily  removed. 
Those  who  have  time  they  desire  to  spend 
in  further  cooking,  may,  with  an  inexpensive 
mill,  grind  up  their  nuts  for  baked  dishes, 
and  with  bread  crumbs,  potatoes  and  other 
ingredients,  make  Nut  Roasts,  Nut  Fritters, 
and  the  like,  to  please  the  most  fastidious 
palates. 

Even  supposing  our  pound  of  beef  is 
solid  meat,  without  gristle  or  bone,  the 
pound  of  nuts  alone  will  be  superior  to  it  in 
nourishment  :  for  our  first  four  pence  we 
have  already  more  food. 

While  our  beef,  analysed,  is  shown  to 
be  more  than  half  water,  our  pound  of 
oats — like  our  pound  of  nuts — is  nearly  all 
solid  food.  One  ounce  of  oatmeal,  with 
water  added,  makes  three  quarters  of  a  pint 
of  porridge — a  fair  serving  as  a  first  course 
for  one  person.  So  that  a  family  of  sixteen, 
who  could  scarcely  divide  the  pound  of  beef, 
could  satisfy  themselves  with  three  pence 
spent  in  oats. 

Thus  we  provide  many  meals  from  the 
vegetable  kingdom  for  little  more  than  half 
the  cost  of  a  pound  of  beef. 

By  spending  the  remaining  five  pence 
on  cheese — a  product  which  would  disappear 
if  we  ceased  to  breed  cattle  for  food — we 
shall  have  nourishment  without  waste  ;  it 


i6 

will,  as  we  say,  go  very  much  further, 
yielding-,  in  half  a  pound,  more  nutriment 
than  in  the  whole  pound  of  beef. 

Peas,  beans  and  lentils  are  universally 
famous  for  their  high  nutritive  value  ; 
indeed,  in  theory,  one  could  live  upon  them 
at  an  extremely  low  cost ;  but  the  protein 
in  them  is  difficult  to  assimilate  even  for 
those  whose  systems  they  suit.  The  dried 
varieties  should  not  be  taken  every  day,  and 
never  in  large  quantities,  but  in  soups, 
roasts  and  "vegetable  pies,  with  other 
ingredients,  they  can  often  be  served. 

Economical  buying  is  a  factor  that 
favours  the  vegetarian  ;  for  neither  in  the 
pantry  nor  in  the  human  body  will  meat 
keep  sweet,  while  a  pot  of  potatoes,  a  peck 
of  onions,  or  half  a  cwt.  of  dates  may  often 
be  stored  for  the  winter. 

#  #  • •  # 

It  would  be  hard  to  plead  for  economy 
in  money  or  in  food,  if  such  saving  meant 
the  sacrifice  of  essentials,  the  loss  of  health 
or  happiness.  But  as  simple  diet  means 
more  health  and  more  freedom,  so  all 
economy  in  material  things  leaves  time  and 
energy  for  the  mental  and  the  spiritual. 
The  world  sees  the  value  of  money,  of 
clothes  and  of  houses,  but  women  and  men 
of  simple  needs  have  treasure  in  heaven — 
have  property  in  the  morning  bath,  in  fresh 
air,  and  in  the  setting  of  the  Sun. 

Monks'  Path 
March,  19:6.  Near  Birmingham 


WARNING 


CONOM  Y  was  never  more  neces- 
sary than  at  the  present  time, 
but  for  your  health's  sake  be 
careful  how  you  retrench  in  the 
direction  of  nourishing  food,  for 
you  actually  need  more  nutri- 
ment in  these  strenuous  days  than  in  normal 

times<  wr 

We  Can  Help  You 

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about  foods  that  are  not  only  delicious  and  highly 
nourishing,  but  economical  and  health-giving  also. 

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Thousands  of  people  are  thankful  that  they  made  the 
acquaintance  of  our  foods.  You'll  be  thankful  too, 
and  your  family  will   be  happier  and  healthier. 

address  : 

THE  INTERNATIONAL  HEALTH 
ASSOCIATION,  Ltd., 

STANBOROUGH    PARK,    WATFORD,  HERTS. 


<®  <$  ®  <©  m  «  ®  <©  <©  <©  <©  <$  <$  <$  <©  $  <e  <©  <® 


"  EAT  LESS  MEAT 

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Says  the  Board  of  Trade. 


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THE  PHILOSOPHY  &  PRACTICE  OF  SIMPLE  DIET 

  DINNER   FOR   TWOPENCE  ■  

DY 

Edgar  Walford  Martin. 

The  Real  Cost  of  Living- — Luxury — Simplicity — Health — 
Substitutes  for  Expensive  Foods — A  Week's  Diet  for  Two 
Persons — Epicureanism — Menus  and    Recipes — The  Life 
and  The  Meat. 

Second  Edition.  One  Penny.  Postage  j£d. 

From  author  or  publisher. 


LECTURES 

BY 

Edgar  Walford  Martin. 
I. — ECONOMY  in  diet.  2. — the  simple  life. 

With  slides  or  diagrams  if  desired. 
3. — the  child  and  the  future. 
Also  certain  Health,  Literary  and  Travel  Subjects. 
Apply — Monks'  Path,  Near  Birmingham. 


By  the  same  author, 
LETTERS    TO   JACK'S  MOTHER. 

1.  — The  House  of  Ice.  3. — Love. 

2.  — Eugenics.  4.— The  Light  of  Autumn. 

PRESS  NOTICES: 
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Artistic  Cover  with  Child  Study. 
Two  Pence.         Postage  ^d. 


SAVE  MONEY  and  good 
digestive  juice  by  abolishing  white  flour,  which 
has  been  robbed  of  its  vital  properties,  and 
USE   IN   ITS  PLACE 

"ARTOX" 

PURE  WHOLEMEAL 

which  contains  the  whole  of  the  wheat  berry  with 
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tion to  the 

SOLE  PROPRIETORS: 

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'Epicure  :\ 


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Phosphorus — the  nerve  and  brain  food — 
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and  its  purity  contributes  much 
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Lee,  Longland  &  Co., 

ARTISTIC  HOUSE  FURNISHERS, 
BROAD  STREET  *  BIRMINGHAM. 


Saturdays 


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for 

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Cottages. 

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charm  in  simplicity 
and  we  can  furnish 
complete  on  these 
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